ABSTRACT
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common disorders that are characterized by persistent and recurring gastrointestinal symptoms. Many patients with FGIDs have overlapping symptoms, which impaired the quality of life and ability to work of patients, and left a considerable impact on health-care systems and society. Chinese medicines (CMs) are commonly utilized by many patients with FGIDs. This article discusses the current status of diagnosis and treatment of FGIDs, the advantages and characteristics of CM treatment, and how integrated medicine can make a breakthrough in FGIDs diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research , China , Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy , Integrative Medicine , Medicine, East Asian Traditional , Prevalence , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of Tojapride, a Chinese herbal formula extract, on strengthening the barrier function of esophageal epithelium in rats with reflux esophagitis (RE).@*METHODS@#Ten out of 85 SD rats were randomly selected as the sham group (n10), and 75 rats were developed a reflux esophagitis model (RE) by the esophageal and duodenal side-to-side anastomosis. Fifty successful modeling rats were divided into different medicated groups through a random number table including the model, low-, medium-, and high-dose of Tojapride as well as omeprazole groups (n10). Three doses of Tojapride [5.73, 11.46, 22.92 g/(kg•d)] and omeprazole [4.17 mg/(kg•d)] were administrated intragastrically twice daily for 3 weeks. And the rats in the sham and model groups were administered 10 mL/kg distilled water. Gastric fluid was collected and the supernatant was kept to measure for volume, pH value and acidity. Esophageal tissues were isolated to monitor the morphological changes through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and esophageal epithelial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 (NF-KBp65), κB kinase beta (IKKß), occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the esophageal tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The gastric pH value in the model group was significantly lower than the sham group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, gastric pH value in the omeprazole and medium-dose of Tojapride groups were significantly higher (P<0.05). A large area of ulceration was found on the esophageal mucosa from the model rats, while varying degrees of congestion and partially visible erosion was observed in the remaining groups. Remarkable increase in cell gap width and decrease in desmosome count was seen in RE rats and the effect was reversed by Tojapride treatment. Compared with the sham group, the IKKß levels were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.05). However, the IKKß levels were down-regulated after treatment by all doses of Tojapride (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The occluding and ZO-1 levels decreased in the model group compared with the sham group (Ps0.01 or Ps0.05), while both indices were significantly up-regulated in the Tojapride-treated groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Tojapride could improve the pathological conditions of esophageal epithelium in RE rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve in down-regulating the IKKß expression and elevating ZO-1 and occludin expression, thereby alleviating the inflammation of the esophagus and strengthening the barrier function of the esophageal epithelium.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in sepsis patients.Methods:A total of 94 cases were randomly (random number) divided into the probiotic group ( n = 46) and the control group ( n = 48). All of the patients were given enteral nutrition therapy by nasogastric tube within 24-72 h after admission. And patients in the probiotic group were given live combined bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder besides the regular therapy. The incidence of VAP, bacteremia, mortality, mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the incidences of VAP and bacteremia in the probiotics group were significantly lower (χ 2=4.763, P=0.029; χ 2=4.438, P=0.035). There were no significant differences in 28-day mortality and the length of hospital stay between the two groups (χ 2=2.02, P=0.167; t=1.29, P=0.208). Mechanical ventilation time in the probiotics group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ( t=2.16, P=0.038). The Log-Rank test showed that the time of VAP-free in the probiotics group was significantly longer than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). After adjusting for APACHEⅡ score and age, COX proportional risk model analysis showed that the RR values of the probiotics group and the control group for 28-day VAP were 0.18 (95% CI: 0.12-0.74, P=0.025) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.95, P=0.042), respectively. Conclusions:Probiotics treatment can reduce the incidence of VAP in sepsis patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the influence of Chang'an Ⅰ prescription drug-containing serum on IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation model， and explore the mechanism of Chang'an Ⅰ prescription in inhibiting RBL-2H3 activation degranulation and releasing inflammatory mediators with v-yes-1 Yanaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog （Lyn）/spleen tyrosine protein kinase （Syk）/mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signal pathway. Method:Preparation for Chang'an Ⅰ prescription serum. Animal group， SD male rats were randomly divided into Chang'an Ⅰ prescription serum high， medium， low dose， and blank control groups with 10 rats in each group. Dosage： 10 mL·kg-1 distilled water was given to blank control group， while Chang'an Ⅰ prescription serum high， medium and low dose groups were respectively given to the Chang'an Ⅰ prescription concentrated crude drug with concentration of 1.15，2.30，4.60 g·kg-1， respectively once a day for 7 days continuously and then blood was taken from aorta ventralis and centrifuged. Ketotifen as the positive control drug. Mast cells are counted with toluidine blue staining. Cellular release of β-aminohexose was detected by colorimetric method. Contents of MCT， TNF-α， MCP-1 and histamine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits， Lyn/Syk/MAPK protein levels were detected by immunoblotting. Result:For cell activation and degranulation， compared with the blank control group， the model group had more cell degranulation （P<0.05）， compared with model group， the cell degranulation rate of each dose group of Chang'an Ⅰ prescription decreased （P<0.05）. The release rate of β-hexosamine in each dose group of Chang'an Ⅰ prescription decreased significantly （P<0.01）. For the release of active mediators， compared with the blank control group， the contents of histamine， MCT， TNF-α and MCP-1 all increased in the model group （P<0.01）， compared with the model group， the contents in each dose group of Chang'an Ⅰ prescription all decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the phosphorylation levels of Lyn and Syk， extracellular regulatory protein kinase 1/2（ERK1/2）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 increased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Lyn， Syk and ERK1/2， JNK and p38 protein phosphorylation levels reduced in Chang'an Ⅰ prescription group （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Chang'an Ⅰ prescription drug-containing serum down-regulates the phosphorylation levels of proteins Lyn， Syk， and ERK1/2， JNK， and p38， inhibits RBL-2H3 cell activation and degranulation， reduces the release of cytokines and chemokines， such as histamine， MCT， TNF-α and MCP-1， it may be one of its mechanisms for treating IBS-D visceral hypersensitivity.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the clinical effect of conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) endotracheal tube with silicone wire reinforced endotracheal tube to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanical ventilation patients.@*Methods@#A total of 240 mechanical ventilation patients in the ICU were enrolled in this study, which were divided into two groups, PVC endotracheal intubation group (PVC group, n=113) and wire reinforced endotracheal intubation group (WR group, n=127). Gender, age, APACHEⅡ score, one-time success rate of intubation, intubation time, the rate of changing endotracheal, ventilation time, rate of tracheotomy and the incidence of VAP were compare between the two groups. Predictive factors for VAP were identified by the univariate and multivariate analyses in step-wise logistic regression model.@*Results@#The rate of changing endotracheal tube in the PVC group was lower than that in the WR group (χ2=5.785, P=0.016); the mechanical ventilation time in the PVC group was shorter than that in the WR group (t=2.180, P=0.018); and compared with the WR group, the PVC group had significantly lower incidence of VAP (χ2=6.215, P=0.012). The univariate analysis showed that the selection of PVC endotracheal tube, APACHE Ⅱ score and mechanical ventilation time were the significant risk factors for VAP (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the different selection of endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation time were independent influencing factors of VAP (P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#PVC tracheal tube can effectively reduce the incidence of VAP in patients with mechanical ventilation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of carboprost methylate suppository for cervical ripening before diagnostic hysteroscopy in premenopausal women. Methods From July 2014 to July 2015, 1614 women who were undergone diagnostic hysteroscopy in 12 hospitals were randomly assigned into study group(n=1209)and control group(n=405). The cases in study group were given 1 mg carboprost methylate suppository in vagina before hysteroscopy, the cases in control group were given 1 mg placebo. The extent of cervical ripening, the time of dilated cervix, pain scoring, incidence of drug side reactions after 24, 48, 72 hours, satisfaction degree of operators and patients, the time of hysteroscopy, incidence of complications between the two groups were observed and compared. Results (1) Mean cervical widths in the study and control groups were 6.11 ± 1.11 and 5.95 ± 1.11, and showed a significant difference(P=0.034);the percentage of women requiring cervical dilatation in study group was lower than the percentage in control group significantly [28.3％(342/1209)versus 34.6％(140/405), P=0.020].(2) The time of dilated cervix in study group was shorter than the time in control group significantly [(34 ± 25) versus(52 ± 49)s, P=0.028] for the patients whose mean cervical widths≤4.(3)There was no significant difference in pain scores between the two groups(P>0.05).(4)The incidence of side reactions 24, 48, 72 hours after operation were no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). (5) The satisfaction degree of operators and patients, the time of hysteroscopy, incidence of complications between the two groups were no singnifcant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Application of carboprost methylate suppository by vagina before hysteroscopy is an effective and safe method of cervical ripening.
ABSTRACT
To analyze the application and research direction of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis field of diabetes through summarized the methods and principle of artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, expert system and data mining. The diagnosis of diabetes need be supported by large medical resource. The artificial intelligence is applied in the diagnosis of diabetes not only can save medical resource but also can help patients with diabetes and high risk group of diabetes to grasp their state of illness in time, and reduce the sickening risk of diabetic complication.
ABSTRACT
Medical and health equipment are rapidly developing in the direction of intelligence and portability. As a representative of them, wearable devices are playing an more and more important role in medical service. To this end, this review discussed the development process of wearable devices, and defined the concept of wearable devices. The existing wearable devices were divided into four categories according to their shapes: hand wear, head wear, lower limb wear and trunk wear. The application of them in medical service were particularly introduced. The 4 future development trends of wearable device, included adding fashionable element, focusing on a particular area, new interactive model and invisible portability, were analyzed and reviewed. Based on above analysis, we could got a comprehensive understanding for the application of current wearable device in medical treatment, and could hold the development direction of wearable device in medical treatment of hospital. While, for above products, there were some differences in technique level between domestic manufacturer and developed country, and there is a larger potential in the relevant products and arithmetic aspects.
ABSTRACT
The study aims of this study is to analyze and evaluate the resourceful chemical compositions in different parts of mature fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of this medicinal plant resources. GC-MS method was used to analyze the volatile oils and the fatty acids, and HPLC method was used to determine the flavonoids and phenolic acids in the pericarp, seed and seed oil of Z.bungeanum. There were 26, 19 and 11 kinds of volatile components detected in the pericarp, seed and seed oil, respectively, in which terpenoids and their oxy-derivatives were the main components, and the contents of linalool and its esters in pericarp were relatively high. The contents of total fatty acids in the pericarp, seed and seed oil were 108.42, 331.63, 966.04 mg•g⁻¹, respectively.Oleic acid, linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid were abundantin all samples. The pericarp contains relatively high content of flavonoids, such as hyperoside, quercitrin, rutin, isoquercitrin, while the above components were not detected in the seed and seed oil. These results confirmed that the fruit of Z.bungeanum contains high contents of the resourceful chemical compositions, and their composition and contents were differed among organs, which provide a scientific basis for the utilization of Z.bungeanumfruit.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate whether clinical,endocrine,and sonographic characteristics of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could predict the ovarian response to clomiphene citrate (CC) medication.Methods A prospective study was conducted,85 women with PCOS were given CC 50 mg per day for 5 days.In the case of an absent response,doses were increased to 100 daily in subsequent cycles.Clinical,endocrine,and sonographic characteristics were compared between responders and nonresponders.Results The cycle history (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and antral follicle count (AFC) were significantly different in responders from those in nonresponders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no differences in age,serum testosterone,follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteotropic hormone (LH),body mass index (BMI),insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR),and glucose and insulin levels between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cycle history and AFC were the predictors of ovarian response to CC treatment.Conclusions The cycle history and AFC can be used as the simple and effective parameters to predict ovarian response to CC treatment in PCOS patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To record the drilling feed force on different layers of fresh porcine femur, so as to provide reference for collecting and outputting the feedback signals of drilling feed force for orthopedic virtual surgery system. Methods The biological bone drilling feed force testing system was established by modifying the universal material testing machine and adjustable speed electric drill (drill bit Φ5.0 mm). The feed forces on 6 fresh porcine femoral shafts with a total of 162 drilling markers were collected at 3 different rotate speeds (n＝500, 800, 1 200 r/min) and 3 feed speeds (v＝30, 50, 70 mm/min), and their variation with corresponding tissues and locations were also analyzed. Results At the same drill marker of the fresh porcine femur, the drilling feed force on bilateral cortical bone was the largest (fmax＝103.63~142.59 N), while that on marrow cavity was the smallest, which was almost close to zero, and the drilling feed force on the middle part (f4,5,6＝124.69 N) was larger than that at two ends (f1,2,3,7,8,9＝121.84 N); the drilling feed force was smallest (f＝106.04 N) at v＝30 mm/min, n＝1 200 r/min, while the largest drilling feed force (fmax＝139.84 N) appeared at v＝70 mm/min、n＝500 r/min. Conclusions The modified drilling feed force testing system could efficiently collect the biological bone drilling data. The drilling feed force had a close relationship with bone structure, feed speed and rotate speed of electric drill as well. A larger bone density, smaller rotate speed of electric drill and higher feeding speed would lead to a larger drilling feed force, and vice versa. The accurate drilling feed force data and its variation tendency on porcine femoral obtained in this experiment could provide a reliable basis for force-feedback signal output in the virtual orthopedic surgery system.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the related risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with stress ulcer (SU). Methods The clinical data of 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to Department of Emergency Medicine of Nanjing General Hospital from March 2006 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether patients complicated with SU or not. Data was collected within 8 hours after admission in two groups including gender,age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site (basal ganglia,thalamus, brainstem,brain lobe,ventricle,subarachnoid,and cerebellum),disturbance of consciousness,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,systolic blood pressure(SBP),history of hypertension,and history of cerebral hemorrhage. The statistically significant risk factors found using univariate analysis was selected and was analyzed to find independent risk factors with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve)was plotted to analyze the independent risk factors and evaluate their power of test. Results 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in the study,293 cases occurred SU,accounting for 24.7%,and 892 cases without SU,which accounted for 75.3%. As shown by univariate analysis,risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU included age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site,disturbance of consciousness,APACHEⅡscore,SBP. As to the site of bleeding,brain,thalamus,brainstem hemorrhage complicated with SU were higher proportion,45.3%(43/95),39.1%(63/161),36.9%(48/130),which were significantly higher than those of the lobes of the brain 〔26.2% (33/126)〕,cerebellum 〔18.8% (15/80)〕,basal ganglia〔16.1%(78/485)〕,arachnoid the inferior vena cava 〔12.0% (13/108)〕. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that amount of bleeding 〔odds ratio (OR)=3.305,P=0.001,95%confidence interval (95%CI)2.213-48.634〕,the bleeding site (OR=1.762,P=0.008,95%CI 0.123-2.743),SBP (OR=1.223,P=0.034,95%CI 0.245-2.812) were independent risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU. The area under the ROC curve (AUC)of amount of bleeding and SBP were 0.846 and 0.597,suggesting that amount of bleeding has moderate diagnostic value and SBP has low diagnostic value. Conclusions Cerebral hemorrhage patients with large amount of bleeding,the bleeding site in the ventricle,thalamus or brainstem,high SBP are of great risk. We should lower blood pressure and give preventive treatment for SU as soon as possible.
ABSTRACT
JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway exists in various organs and tissues and mediates multiple biological processes including cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,apoptosis and immunoregulation.Recently,it has been revealed that this pathway plays an important role in gastrointestinal diseases,promoting tumor growth,angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis in gastric and colorectal cancers,and being implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.Inhibitors targeting JAK/STAT3 pathway showed promising outcome in some disease models.In this review article,the advances in study of abovementioned issues were summarized.
ABSTRACT
Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF or TFF3) is a member of trefoil factor family which is most studied , mainly in the in-testinal tract .TFF3 plays an important role in gastrointestinal mucosal protection and epithelial repair .Action mechanism includes in-teraction with mucin, migration, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune regulation, interaction with its receptor, etc.Recombinant TFF3 has been approved as a national drug and its therapeutic indications for repair mucosa , prevention and treatment of gastrointesti-nal ulcers and inflammation .Furthermore, the classic TFF3 receptor and signaling pathway is highly valuable to make TFF 3 become an effective treatment for gastrointestinal injury disease .
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a rabbit model of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) induced by prolonged intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and evaluate the therapeutic effect of somatostatin on ACS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomized equally into normal saline (NS) group and somatostatin group. ACS model was established by intra-abdominal bleeding (IAB) and intra-abdominal infusion with nitrogen gas to achieve an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mmHg. The hemodynamics (SP, HR, CVP), hepatic function (ALT), renal function (BUN), antioxidation level (SOD, MDA) and blood electrolyte level (pH, [Na(+)], [Cl(-)], [CaNa(2+)], [KNa(+)]) of the rabbits were recorded 1-6 h after establishment of IAH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prolonged IAH caused decreased hemodynamic functions and antioxidation level as well as hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia (P<0.05), but these changes showed no significant differences between NS group and somatostatin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prolonged IAH causes cardiovascular function damages in rabbits possibly related to acidosis, electrolyte disturbances, and oxidative damage due to tissue ischemia and hypoxia. Somatostatin produces no obvious protective effects against the occurrence and progression of ACS.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Disease Models, Animal , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension , Drug Therapy , Somatostatin , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a rabbit model of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and evaluate the impact of ACS on cardiovascular and respiratory functions and blood electrolyte levels in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, namely the normal control group, ACS(5>\) group [intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)=5 mmHg], ACS(10) group (IAP=10 mmHg) and ACS(20) group (IAP=20 mmHg). ACS model was established by intra- abdominal bleeding (IAB) with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). All the data were recorded 1 h after inducing IAH including cardiovascular parameters (LVSP, LVEDP, ∓dp/dt max, SP, DP, HR, CVP), respiratory function (RR, PaO(2), PaCO(2), [HCO(3)(-)]), blood pH, and electrolyte level ([K(+)]).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the normal control group, ACS20 group showed significantly decreased LVSP, LVEDP, ∓dp/dt max, SP, DP, HR, RR, PaO(2), [HCO(3)(-)], and blood pH but increased CVP, PaCO(2), and K(+) (P<0.05). In ACS(10) group, all the parameters except for RR and PaO(2) showed similar changes as seen in ACS(20) group (P<0.05) but with lower amplitudes of variations. In ACS(5) group, only LVSP and HR were reduced remarkably (P<0.05) while the other parameters showed no significant variations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IAB plus IAH may cause damage to the cardiovascular and respiratory functions and lead to ACS in rabbits.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Abdominal Cavity , Blood Gas Analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension , Blood , Respiratory System , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
Objective: To quantitatively detect the serum circulating DNA in patients with breast cancer and evaluate its potential applications. Methods: The copy number of GAPDH gene in serum circulating DNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR from 100 healthy female volunteers, 100 patients with benign breast lesions, and 200 patients with breast cancer. The copy number of GAPDH gene was used as an indicator for circulating DNA content. Results: With a cut-off value of ≥1×103 copies, the results of serum circulating DNA detection in 93% of healthy females and 95% of patients with benign breast lesions were negative, and 84.5% of patients with breast cancer were positive. The positive rate of serum circulating DNA in patients with I-II stage breast cancer was 84%. The DNA content was significantly different among healthy females, patients with benign breast lesions and the patients with breast cancer (P<0.005). Conclusion: There is a certain amount of tumor-derived circulating DNA in patients with early stage breast cancer. These genetic materials may serve as a type of specific biomarkers. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the features of the cortisol ( COR),thyroid hormone and autonomic function of anxiety disorder,and to observe the relationships between clinical subtypes,insomnia,gender factors and the neuroendocrine and autonomic function.Methods60 anxiety disorder patients and 60 healthy controls were randomly selected from a three-grade class A hospital over the same period.Blood at 8:00am to test the plasma COR,T3,T4,TSH level and examined the heart rate variability (HRV) on the same day,the anxiety disorder patients also finish the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).ResultsThe plasma COR,TSH level and LF/HF index were significantly higher( (531.58 ± 218.59 ) nmol/L,P＜ 0.0l ; (3.50 ± 1.35 ) MIU/L,P＜ 0.05 ;3.87 ± 3.37,P＜0.0l ),while the SDNN,LF,HF index were significantly lower in anxiety disorder than that in the control group (27.34±13.13,P＜0.01;338.72 ±396.34,P＜0.01;135.77 ±149.95,P＜0.01).The plasma COR,TSH level and LF/HF index were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01 ),while the SDNN and HF index were significantly lower in panic disorder than that in the generalized anxiety disorder (P ＜ 0.01 ).The plasma COR,TSH level and LF/HF index were significantly higher,while the SDNN,LF,HF index were significantly lower in panic disorder than that in the control group (P＜0.01 ).The plasma COR was significantly higher,while the SDNN and HF index were significantly lower in generalized anxiety disorder than that of the control group (P＜0.01 ).The plasma COR level and LF/HF index were significantly higher (P＜0.01,P＜0.05),while the SDNN,LF,HF index were significantly lower in anxiety disorder with or without insomnia than that in the control group (P＜ 0.01 ).The plasma TSH level was significantly higher in anxiety disorder with insomnia than that in the control group (P＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant difference of the neuroendocrine and autonomic function between anxiety disorder with or without insomnia (P ＞ 0.05 ).The plasma COR,TSH level were significantly higher,while the SDNN,LF,HF index were significantly lower in the female group than that in the male group (P＜0.01).The total SAS scores were significantly positively correhted with plasma COR levels,and was significantly negatively correlated with SDNN,HF index in the anxiety group.ConclusionThere are neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions in anxiety disorder,and these dysfunctions are related with clinical subtypes,insomnia,and gender.
ABSTRACT
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is very common in both new drug development and clinic practice. Various drugs can induce kidney injuries, including tubulointerstitial, glomerular and renal vascular disease. To investigate the mechanism of drug induced nephrotoxicity is important for risk reduction of new drug development, reasonable drug usage, early discovery and effective prevention/treatment of adverse effects in clinics.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury , Anti-Infective Agents , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Antineoplastic Agents , Immunosuppressive Agents , Kidney Diseases , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute , Nephritis, Interstitial , Renal InsufficiencyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro were stimulated with 100 µg/L LPS for 1, 4 or 8 h and scanned by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for measurement of the two-dimensional area, three-dimensional surface area and volume of each cell. The total proteins and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the cardiomyocytes were determined. The same measurements were also carried out in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures stimulated by 0.5 µmol/L ouabain for 8 h and the total protein levels were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Following a 8-hour stimulation with LPS, the two-dimensional area, three-dimensional surface area and volume of the single cardiomyocyte became enlarged and the total cellular proteins increased significantly as compared with those in the normal control cells (P < 0.05). LPS treatment for 4 and 8 h resulted in significantly decreased activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in the cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). In the cells treated with ouabain for 8 h, the two-dimensional area, three-dimensional surface area, volume of the single cardiomyocyte and the total cellular proteins increased significantly in comparison with the normal control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS can result in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats possibly in relation to lowered Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the cardiomyocytes after LPS exposure.</p>